Polymer Nanocomposites have proved to possess superior properties in comparison to microscale composites at such lower loading rates as 1wt%. Generally, the enhancements take place in mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy. Because of the facts that, higher strength and modulus is attained by a nanoscale material, nanofillers possess very high aspect ratios, and matrix-reinforcement surface area is very large permitting effective stress transmittance, the mechanical properties are enhanced significantly. Controlling the chemistry of the matrix-filler interface has crucial importance in nanocomposites due to interface/interphase controlled mechanical properties. Studies based on flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposites have proved significant decreases in the peak heat release rate in cone calorimeter measurements.